Meaning
Wild, uncultivated land — thick vegetation, the deep countryside, or any overgrown, untended ground. 'Gone a bush' is gone into the wild backcountry, and land left to 'go bush' has grown over. In its other, closely related sense, 'bush' means the wild herbs and plants gathered for teas and remedies, as in 'bush medicine' and 'bush bath', the whole living pharmacy of the countryside. So the word holds together the untamed land and the healing green things that grow on it.
Examples
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Di goat run gaan inna di bush.
The goat ran off into the bush.
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Granny boil some bush tea fi di cold.
Grandma boiled some herbal tea for the cold.
'Bush' here means medicinal wild herbs.
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Di land grow up inna pure bush.
The land is overgrown with thick vegetation.
Origin
From English 'bush' for wild scrubland, a usage shared across the Caribbean and the wider colonial world; the 'bush medicine' sense reflects folk herbal traditions.
How it’s used
Two linked senses: wild land, and the wild plants gathered from it for remedies. Context makes clear which is meant.